Time Domain Electromagnetics
Although the Maxwell curl equations are usually first encountered in the time domain (TD), i.e., with time as an explicit, independent variable, until relatively recently most electromagnetic instruction and research has taken place in the frequency domain (FD) where time-harmonic behavior is assumed. A principle reason for favoring the FD over the TD in the precomputer era had been that a FD approach was generally more tractable analytically. Furthermore, the experimental hardware available for making measurements in past years was largely confined to the FD. The inferior position of TD electromagnetics (EM) began to change with the arrival of the digital computer, which has profoundly affected what can be done not only numerically (or computationally) but also experimentally. Since the beginning of what has come to be called computational electromagnetics (CEM) in the early 1960s, there has been a steady growth in TD modeling.
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