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Intellectual Capital for Communities

By: Ahmed Bounfour and Leif Edvinsson

Intangible (intellectual capital or IC) resources are now largely recognized by scholars and practitioners as the most important source of an organization’s competitive advantage. At the corporate level, intangible investments (research and development or R&D, innovation, knowledge creation and fertilization, marketing and advertising expenditures) are now unanimously considered the most important sources of performance. Over the last 8 years, several models and approaches have been proposed and designed for the managing and...